Nasal Polyps Treatments: Can You Avoid Surgery?

Nasal polyps are soft, painless, non-cancerous growths that develop in the lining of the sinuses or nasal passages. While not dangerous, they can cause persistent nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, loss of smell, and frequent sinus infections. Nasal polyps are often linked to chronic inflammation due to allergies, asthma, sinus infections, or immune disorders.

Many assume surgery is the only solution, but nasal polyps treatments vary depending on their size, symptoms, and severity. Consulting an ear nose and throat specialist is the best way to determine whether surgery is necessary or if non-surgical treatments will be effective.

Explore the causes, symptoms, and non-surgical treatment options for nasal polyps and when surgery may be required.

What Are Nasal Polyps?

Nasal polyps are benign growths in the nasal passages or sinuses caused by chronic inflammation. They vary in size and can block airflow, leading to symptoms such as persistent nasal congestion, facial pressure, and sinus infections.

Common Symptoms of Nasal Polyps

• Chronic nasal congestion (lasting more than 12 weeks).
• Runny nose and postnasal drip.
• Reduced or complete loss of sense of smell and taste.
• Frequent sinus infections.
• Facial pressure or headaches.
• Snoring or sleep disturbances.

What Causes Nasal Polyps?

Although the exact cause of nasal polyps is not always clear, they are typically associated with chronic inflammation of the nasal passages.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

1. Chronic Sinus Infections and Allergies

• Recurrent sinus infections (chronic sinusitis) cause prolonged inflammation, leading to polyp formation.
• Seasonal and environmental allergies can also trigger persistent irritation.

2. Asthma and Respiratory Conditions

• Asthma patients are more likely to develop nasal polyps due to airway inflammation.
• Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition where aspirin sensitivity, asthma, and nasal polyps often occur together.

3. Fungal and Bacterial Infections

• Some nasal polyps are linked to fungal sinus infections, which cause long-term irritation.
• Bacterial infections can worsen swelling and mucus buildup, contributing to polyp growth.

4. Immune System Disorders

• Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic inflammatory conditions are at higher risk.
• Autoimmune diseases may increase susceptibility to nasal polyp formation.

Nasal Polyps Treatments Without Surgery

While surgery may be necessary in severe cases, many individuals can manage nasal polyps without invasive procedures. Based on the size and symptoms of the polyp, an ear, nose, and throat specialist can recommend the best treatment approach.

1. Corticosteroid Nasal Sprays

Nasal steroid sprays are the first line of defense for reducing polyp size and controlling inflammation.

• How they work: Reduce swelling and mucus buildup in the nasal passages.
• Common options:
• Fluticasone (Flonase)
• Mometasone (Nasonex)
• Budesonide (Rhinocort)

Many patients experience symptom improvement within a few weeks of consistent use.

2. Oral or Injectable Corticosteroids

An ENT specialist may prescribe short-term oral or injectable corticosteroids for individuals with larger polyps or severe symptoms.

• Prednisone is commonly used to shrink polyps quickly.
• It must be used with caution, as long-term steroid use can cause side effects like weight gain, high blood pressure, and weakened immunity.

3. Antihistamines and Allergy Management

Since nasal polyps are often triggered by allergies, treating allergies can help prevent further growth.

• Antihistamines (Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine) reduce allergy-related inflammation.
• Avoiding allergens (dust, pollen, pet dander, mold) can prevent flare-ups.
• Allergy immunotherapy (allergy shots) may help in long-term polyp prevention.

4. Nasal Irrigation for Mucus Clearance

Nasal irrigation, such as saline rinses or neti pots, helps flush out mucus, allergens, and irritants, reducing inflammation.

How to perform nasal irrigation:

1. Use sterile or distilled water to prepare a saline solution.
2. Rinse each nostril using a neti pot, squeeze bottle, or saline spray.
3. Repeat 1-2 times daily for best results.

Regular use of nasal irrigation improves sinus drainage and prevents infection buildup.

5. Leukotriene Inhibitors for Inflammation Control

For individuals who do not respond to corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors (e.g., Montelukast - Singulair) may help reduce swelling and mucus production. These medications are especially beneficial for patients with asthma-related nasal polyps.

6. Biologic Therapies (Newer Injectable Treatments)

For patients with severe nasal polyps resistant to other treatments, biologic medications like Dupilumab (Dupixent) may be recommended.

• These injections target specific inflammatory pathways that contribute to polyp formation.
• It can significantly reduce polyp size and improve nasal airflow.
• Approved for patients who do not respond to traditional treatments.

When Is Surgery Necessary for Nasal Polyps?

While many individuals can manage nasal polyps without surgery, certain cases require surgical intervention.

Surgical Treatment Options

• Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

• A minimally invasive procedure to remove polyps and improve sinus drainage.
• Performed using a small camera (endoscope) inserted through the nostrils. 

• Polypectomy 

• A simple outpatient procedure to remove polyps and restore airflow.
• It can be done under local or general anesthesia.

Preventing Nasal Polyps Recurrence

Even after successful treatment, nasal polyps can return. An ear, nose, and throat specialist may recommend long-term preventive strategies:

• Continue using corticosteroid nasal sprays to prevent inflammation.
• Manage allergies aggressively with antihistamines or allergy shots.
• Perform nasal irrigation regularly to flush out irritants.
• Avoid environmental triggers like smoke, dust, and strong fragrances.

Home Remedies and Alternative Treatments for Nasal Polyps

1. Steam Inhalation

• It helps loosen mucus and reduce sinus congestion.
• Add eucalyptus or peppermint oil for added anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Turmeric (Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agent)

• It contains curcumin, which helps reduce sinus inflammation.
• It can be taken as a supplement or added to warm tea.

3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

• Found in fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, omega-3s reduce inflammation and strengthen immune function.

Conclusion: Can You Avoid Surgery for Nasal Polyps?

While surgery is necessary in some cases, many individuals can manage nasal polyps with non-surgical treatments such as steroid sprays, antihistamines, nasal irrigation, and biologic therapy. Consulting an ear, nose, and throat specialist can help determine the best treatment plan based on the severity of symptoms.

Specialists provide comprehensive nasal polyps treatments tailored to each patient's needs. If you are experiencing persistent nasal congestion, sinus infections, or loss of smell, schedule an appointment with an ear, nose, and throat specialist at Fort Worth ENT today to explore non-surgical and advanced treatment options for long-term relief.